# LLMs-Full.txt - Full Content for Project Pages # Generated on: 2026-02-12T21:16:14.328Z # Total pages: 16 --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/blog ### Title: Blog ### Page ID: 6278085 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Location** ###### **Contact** ###### **Connect With Us** Become a member of our amazing community and help us improve and evolve by sharing your feedback! --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/home ### Title: Home ### Page ID: 6278086 ### Content: ###### 24/6 Availability ###### Skilled Tutors ###### Earn More Money ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** **Welcome to the University of Scientific Programming** Truth be told, we are not a 'real' university, but our programming courses can easily rival the ones that are taught at the top universities. **Discover the Power of Python for Scientific Programming** **Samples from the "Python for Absolute Beginners" Course** Welcome to the exciting world of Python programming! If you are interested in learning how to write code, you have come to the right place. Python is a very powerful, yet easy-to-learn programming language. Follow this course, and we guarantee that you will be able to write simple, yet useful applications within weeks. We have designed this material for absolute beginners. Our goal with the course is to help you grasp the basics... Welcome back! This time we are going to use Python’s built-in code editor to write a simple application that greets us and tells us how many days we’ve lived so far. It won’t read our minds, so we’ll have to provide our name and age, but the code will do the rest of the job for us. Click Windows’ Start button, or launch the macOS Finder application. Type “idle” (without using the quotation marks) to launch IDLE, the code editor that... Hi there! This is the first tutorial in the "Python data structures" course. Our goal with this module is to help you become familiar with advanced data structures that can be used in your scientific programming projects. Let’s start our tutorial by discussing tuples, which are very similar to the Python lists we’ve discussed in the “Absolute Beginners" course. Welcome, developers! Today, we are going to learn about dictionaries. Just like real-life dictionaries, Python dictionaries use pairs of elements named keys and values. When we want to understand the meaning of a word in a regular dictionary, we use the word (that would be the ‘key’ in Python) to look up its explanation (the ‘value’ in Python). Imagine a piece of paper where you write down your friends’ favorite foods. It might look something like this... Hey there, fellow coders! Python is a fantastic programming language, and it shines when it comes to accessing web resources. It’s amazing what you can do with only a few lines of code, so let’s get started! We are going to scrape [Wikipedia’s homepage](https://www.wikipedia.org/) in this tutorial, displaying all the outbound links. Don’t forget that we shouldn’t hammer third-party websites by writing code that brings their servers down. Just visit the page(s) you want, grab the info, and then leave... Hello and welcome! It’s time to put that Beautiful Soup library we’ve been talking about to the test. This time, we are going to start working on a more complex application that will extract pricing information from a page on [Data Alliance’s website](https://www.data-alliance.net/). We’re going to fetch the price of the “Alfa AWUS036H 2000mW Long-Range WiFi USB Adapter”, create a graph that shows price variations over time, and even have the application alert us via email when the price changes... **Samples from the "Data Analysis and Visualization" Course** Hi everyone! Welcome to the first tutorial in the "Data Analysis and Visualization" course. So far, we have learned to store data in text files and retrieve it later. Now, it’s time to move on to the next level and implement what the real pros use in their scientific applications: databases. they can shuffle around millions of records without putting a strain on regular computers... Hello again! This time, we will resume our data analysis and visualization training by creating databases through code. While working with DB Browser for SQLite can be fun, it’s not the practical way to do things when we are handling tens of thousands of data records – or more. And since practicability is one of the core values of UniSci 24, here’s one of the most concise and yet fully functional examples of Python code for creating a database and adding data records... Learn scientific programming at your own pace, whenever you want to. Each member of our staff has at least 10 years of experience as a programmer. Learn a new job or get paid more for your new programming skills. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/reset-password-page ### Title: Reset password page ### Page ID: 6278091 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Location** ###### **Contact** ###### **Connect With Us** Become a member of our amazing community and help us improve and evolve by sharing your feedback! --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/protected-collection-item ### Title: Protected Page ### Page ID: 6278092 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Location** ###### **Contact** ###### **Connect With Us** In order to view the page, please enter the password below: Become a member of our amazing community and help us improve and evolve by sharing your feedback! --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/about ### Title: About ### Page ID: 6278527 ### Content: ###### 24/6 Availability ###### Skilled Tutors ###### Earn More Money ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Welcome! We are a passionate team of top Python programmers. Our goal is to help people of all ages and programming levels learn Python-based scientific programming. Our journey began when the three founders met and shared their vision of making Python, a very powerful and yet easy-to-learn programming language, available to people interested in learning scientific programming. We simply couldn’t find useful resources for people interested in learning how to use programming to solve real-world problems. **So, we created UniSci 24, a platform that empowers learners with the skills needed to solve complex scientific problems.** If you’ve never written a line of code, we are confident you’re going to write simple yet fully functional applications within weeks. And if you are an advanced Python coder, we promise we’ll help you get to the top. Our tutoring approach uses basic theory that is translated into real-world apps which gain more useful features as your knowledge increases. So, we’re not only helping you learn, but also get the practical skills that are needed to develop programs useful in various scientific scenarios. All of us are software developers with decades of experience in data analysis and science research, so we guarantee that we will help you achieve your programming goals. As we grow, our energy goes into improving and expanding our Python programming services, courses, and keeping up to date with the latest developments in the field. We do this because we want to help our students achieve their full potential. Join us and let’s explore the endless possibilities of Python-based scientific project programming. And if you’re not feeling quite ready yet, check out the [free tutorials](/tutorials) to see how we work. Learn scientific programming at your own pace, whenever you want to. Each member of our staff has at least 10 years of experience as a programmer. Learn a new job or get paid more for your new programming skills. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/services ### Title: Services ### Page ID: 6278528 ### Content: ###### 24/6 Availability ###### Skilled Tutors ###### Earn More Money ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** We offer a comprehensive range of services for learners of all levels who are interested in boosting their programming abilities with Python. Whether you're a beginner or an advanced programmer, we’ve got something for you. \- A wide range of programming courses that cover Python-based scientific programming. \- One-on-one project-based tutoring and code review for people who appreciate personalized support. \- Training sessions for teams of learners who want to improve their programming abilities together. \- Custom services for companies looking to use Python applications for their scientific programming needs. Our team works with a very diverse range of learners, from 12-year-olds who are starting their early programming journey to retired citizens who want to keep their minds active. We have also worked with several scientists, data researchers, and even science enthusiasts, helping them learn and then use scientific programming in their projects. \- We are industry veterans who have been a part of several scientific computing applications and platforms using data analysis, machine learning, and more. \- We adapt to our learners’ way of learning and their skill level, helping them make progress quickly and painlessly. \- We emphasize learning through real-world programs, helping our students build a portfolio of useful applications that can be used to get them hired fast. \- We provide 24/6 training, feedback, and support. Learn when you have free time, at your own pace. Ready to begin your Python programming journey or boost your coding skills? Contact us and let’s discover how we can assist you on your learning path. **According to** [**Statista**](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1296727/programming-languages-demanded-by-recruiters/)**, Python is the top programming language demanded by recruiters worldwide.** Learn scientific programming at your own pace, whenever you want to. Each member of our staff has at least 10 years of experience as a programmer. Learn a new job or get paid more for your new programming skills. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/contact ### Title: Contact ### Page ID: 6278683 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Our team members are ready to answer your questions or help with any inquiries you might have. Reach out to us using the contact form below or scroll down to see the phone number and email address. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorials ### Title: Tutorials ### Page ID: 6278684 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** **Samples from the "Python for Absolute Beginners" Course** Welcome to the exciting world of Python programming! If you are interested in learning how to write code, you have come to the right place. Python is a very powerful, yet easy-to-learn programming language. Follow this course, and we guarantee that you will be able to write simple, yet useful applications within weeks. We have designed this material for absolute beginners. Our goal with the course is to help you grasp the basics... Welcome back! This time we are going to use Python’s built-in code editor to write a simple application that greets us and tells us how many days we’ve lived so far. It won’t read our minds, so we’ll have to provide our name and age, but the code will do the rest of the job for us. Click Windows’ Start button, or launch the macOS Finder application. Type “idle” (without using the quotation marks) to launch IDLE, the code editor that... Hi there! This is the first tutorial in the "Python data structures" course. Our goal with this module is to help you become familiar with advanced data structures that can be used in your scientific programming projects. Let’s start our tutorial by discussing tuples, which are very similar to the Python lists we’ve discussed in the “Absolute Beginners" course. Welcome, developers! Today, we are going to learn about dictionaries. Just like real-life dictionaries, Python dictionaries use pairs of elements named keys and values. When we want to understand the meaning of a word in a regular dictionary, we use the word (that would be the ‘key’ in Python) to look up its explanation (the ‘value’ in Python). Imagine a piece of paper where you write down your friends’ favorite foods. It might look something like this... Hey there, fellow coders! Python is a fantastic programming language, and it shines when it comes to accessing web resources. It’s amazing what you can do with only a few lines of code, so let’s get started! We are going to scrape [Wikipedia’s homepage](https://www.wikipedia.org/) in this tutorial, displaying all the outbound links. Don’t forget that we shouldn’t hammer third-party websites by writing code that brings their servers down. Just visit the page(s) you want, grab the info, and then leave... Hello and welcome! It’s time to put that Beautiful Soup library we’ve been talking about to the test. This time, we are going to start working on a more complex application that will extract pricing information from a page on [Data Alliance’s website](https://www.data-alliance.net/). We’re going to fetch the price of the “Alfa AWUS036H 2000mW Long-Range WiFi USB Adapter”, create a graph that shows price variations over time, and even have the application alert us via email when the price changes... **Samples from the "Data Analysis and Visualization" Course** Hi everyone! Welcome to the first tutorial in the "Data Analysis and Visualization" course. So far, we have learned to store data in text files and retrieve it later. Now, it’s time to move on to the next level and implement what the real pros use in their scientific applications: databases. they can shuffle around millions of records without putting a strain on regular computers... Hello again! This time, we will resume our data analysis and visualization training by creating databases through code. While working with DB Browser for SQLite can be fun, it’s not the practical way to do things when we are handling tens of thousands of data records – or more. And since practicability is one of the core values of UniSci 24, here’s one of the most concise and yet fully functional examples of Python code for creating a database and adding data records... - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial1 ### Title: Tutorial1 ### Page ID: 6279833 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Welcome to the exciting world of Python programming! If you are interested in learning how to write code, you have come to the right place. Python is a very powerful, yet easy-to-learn programming language. Follow this course, and we guarantee that you will be able to write simple, yet useful applications within weeks. We have designed this material for absolute beginners. Our goal with the course is to help you grasp the basics and lay a solid foundation for more advanced topics. This tutorial will show you how to install Python and run your first program. Let’s get started! 2\. Click the “Download Python” button. We will use a Windows PC for this example, but the download page has links to Python for Windows, Linux, macOS, and more. 4\. Open a Command Prompt on your Windows computer or the Terminal app on your Mac. Then, type “python3” (without using the quotes) and press the Enter key. If everything works okay, you will see an image that looks 5\. Type the following line of code, and then press the Enter key: This simple Python instruction tells the interpreter, the application that executes our instructions, to divide 5 by 3, and then to display the result. Don’t forget to use the parenthesis; earlier Python versions worked without them, but starting with Python 3, this is not the case anymore. If you forget the parenthesis, you will get a SyntaxError, similar to the one in the image below: You can use “/” to divide numbers, “\*” to multiply them, “+” to add numbers, and “-” to subtract them. So go ahead and print out your own math results; you can also combine operations like this: Press Ctrl + Z to close Python when you are done playing with it. This concludes our first Python tutorial. We hope you had fun with it, and we look forward to seeing you complete the next lesson. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial2 ### Title: Tutorial2 ### Page ID: 6281359 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Welcome back! This time we are going to use Python’s built-in code editor to write a simple application that greets us and tells us how many days we’ve lived so far. It won’t read our minds, so we’ll have to provide our name and age, but the code will do the rest of the job for us. Click Windows’ Start button, or launch the macOS Finder application. Type “idle” (without using the quotation marks) to launch IDLE, the code editor that comes with the Python installation package. Here’s what you should see when searching for IDLE on a Windows-based computer: The displayed Python version may be different compared to the one in the image above. New versions are released periodically, adding new features and fixing bugs; however, the core Python functionality will not change. We can use “print” instructions to turn Python into a calculator, the way we did in our previous tutorial. However, one of the key advantages of using a dedicated Python editor is the ability to save files with our work and reuse them later, when we want to run the application again without having to type in the code over and over. Let’s do that right now! Click the “File” menu at the top of the screen, and then choose “New File” to create a new Python Type in the following lines of code, one after the other, exactly as they are: This is how the code is supposed to look in the IDLE editor: Click the “Run” menu option at the top of the screen, and then choose “Run Module”. The editor will prompt you to save the newly created file, so pick a name and do that. IDLE will ask you to save the file anytime you change the source code; otherwise, the Python interpreter wouldn’t be able to run the most recent version of it. Hopefully, you have typed in the code without errors, and you will be greeted by the application window: If you run into trouble, you can simply copy/paste the code above. However, we recommend typing the code in, because the potential errors you’re going to make (and fix) will help you become a better programmer. That’s all for now. Don’t worry about understanding how the code works; we cover that in the following tutorial. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial3 ### Title: Tutorial3 ### Page ID: 6281361 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Hi there! This is the first tutorial in the "Python data structures" course. Our goal with this module is to help you become familiar with advanced data structures that can be used in your scientific programming projects. Let’s start our tutorial by discussing tuples, which are very similar to the Python lists we’ve discussed in the “Absolute Beginners" course. Here’s a quick ‘list’ tutorial recap. A list includes a series of items grouped together, like this: And we can change the properties of any list element: Unlike lists, tuples can’t ever change their values, and they are defined using regular parentheses, not square brackets: We can read the values of the items inside a tuple, but we can’t change them. If we try to do that, we will get a Traceback So, tuples are immutable. But why would we want to use them when lists are much more flexible? Well, tuples are perfect for applications where we want to make sure data doesn’t change. We can look up and use each item in a tuple, and we can count the number of items in the tuple. However, we can’t edit, add or remove items from a tuple, or change the order of the items in a tuple. However, the key advantage of tuples derives from their immutability: they are much faster and use computer memory much more efficiently than Python lists. So, they’re perfect for scientific programming projects that need to work with thousands, and sometimes even millions of data rows. The easiest way to see all the methods available with tuples is to create a tuple, and then use the “dir” command: As you can see, there aren’t too many methods available to us. We can’t sort tuples, we can’t append them, reverse them, etc. Still, they run like the wind :) So, how can we solve a real-world scientific programming problem using tuples? Let’s assume that we have to compute and display the average grades for several students, and we want to preserve the individual grades earned by each one of them. Believe it or not, this simple code snippet does exactly what we need: First, we store the students’ names and their grades. Then we create a function that computes the average grade values and returns tuples that contain the students’ names and the average grade values. Finally, we display the students' names and their average grades. This concludes our tuples tutorial. Stay tuned for the next one, where we will cover another powerful Python data structure – dictionaries. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial4 ### Title: Tutorial4 ### Page ID: 6281638 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Welcome, developers! Today, we are going to learn about dictionaries. Just like real-life dictionaries, Python dictionaries use pairs of elements named keys and values. When we want to understand the meaning of a word in a regular dictionary, we use the word (that would be the ‘key’ in Python) to look up its explanation (the ‘value’ in Python). Imagine a piece of paper where you write down your friends’ favorite foods. It might look something like this: In this example, ‘John’, ‘Jean’, and ‘Oliver’ would be the dictionary keys, while ‘Pizza’, ‘Pasta’, and ‘Broccoli’ would be the dictionary values. Then, we can access the dictionary elements like this: As you will see, dictionaries are among Python’s most powerful data collection structures, allowing us to use data processing operations in Python that are similar to the ones used by the most powerful database platforms in the world. Let’s see how we can build a simple and yet useful application that uses a dictionary to store, add, update and retrieve information. We will create an application that manages student information. The code in the image below defines the dictionary and shows us how easy it is to reference user information. Type in the code in your preferred editor, and then use a few more lines of code to display the ages and grades for the rest of the students in our dictionary. We can easily add another student using a single line of code: Then, we can easily access the new student’s data as well: This isn’t a practical way of managing things when we are dealing with a large number of student records, though. What if we had to display all the information for all the students at once? Fortunately, we can easily do that using a ‘for’ loop: What if we wanted to display the average grades? We can add all the student grades, and then we divide that number by the number of dictionary elements, which can be retrieved using the ‘len’ method. This concludes our Python dictionaries tutorial. Now that we’ve laid out the basics, we will use this information in the next lesson to analyze a huge public domain data source and create a histogram out of it. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial5 ### Title: Tutorial5 ### Page ID: 6281639 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Hey there, fellow coders! Python is a fantastic programming language, and it shines when it comes to accessing web resources. It’s amazing what you can do with only a few lines of code, so let’s get started! We are going to scrape [Wikipedia’s homepage](https://www.wikipedia.org/) in this tutorial, displaying all the outbound links. Don’t forget that we shouldn’t hammer third-party websites by writing code that brings their servers down. Just visit the page(s) you want, grab the info, and then leave. Don’t build programs that use ‘for’ loops to access the same website pages over and over. This lesson introduces some new concepts, so let’s discuss them one line at a time. The ‘urllib’ module includes methods that open, read, and parse the desired URLs. We will also use the ‘re’ module, short for ‘Regular Expressions’ or ‘RegEx’, to create a search pattern that will filter the outbound links. The function below runs when we start the application and tries to get the HTML content from Wikipedia’s homepage. If it succeeds, it returns it decoded according to the UTF-8 standard, which can be understood by Python; otherwise, it displays an error message and returns None. But let’s assume that everything went okay; Wikipedia was online, and our Internet connection worked great. In this case, we’ve got an HTML data chunk we can play with. The following lines of code create a regular expression that extracts the actual URLs from HTML links. We have added a dedicated RegEx tutorial to the "Python Data Structures" course, so you can find a detailed explanation there.         link\_pattern = r'href=\["\\'\](https?://\[^"\\'\]+)\["\\'\]' We hope you liked this tutorial. The code is clean, but HTML parsing isn’t the best solution when it comes to data scraping. For complex projects and sites that change their structure regularly, applications built using HTML parsing may fail eventually. Fortunately, Python includes several libraries that make web scraping even easier, take care of any accidental HTML errors introduced by web developers, and so much more. The most used library, called Beautiful Soup, will be the star of our next tutorial. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial6 ### Title: Tutorial6 ### Page ID: 6281640 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Hello and welcome! It’s time to put that Beautiful Soup library we’ve been talking about to the test. This time, we are going to start working on a more complex application that will extract pricing information from a page on [Data Alliance’s website](https://www.data-alliance.net/). We’re going to fetch the price of the “Alfa AWUS036H 2000mW Long-Range WiFi USB Adapter”, create a graph that shows price variations over time, and even have the application alert us via email when the price changes. We could visit the site anytime we wanted to see if that Wi-Fi adapter is on sale, of course, but it is much more elegant and faster to run an application and instantly see the product price. Not to mention that if we are interested in buying ten different products from ten different sites, using a custom-made application is much more effective, and our program will have ten different slots with products that can be monitored each day. First, we will need to download and install Beautiful Soup 4 from the following URL: We can also install the package using Python’s PIP package manager from the command prompt: **An important tip**: Some of our students reported that Beautiful Soup can’t be utilized after being installed and the programs that make use of it don’t run. To fix this issue, copy the \\bs4 folder that is created after the installation into the same folder as your application. Let’s start with a few simple examples. We are going to scrape various types of data from Wikipedia first, to ensure that we don’t overload other people’s servers due to our bad code. Hopefully, you’ll get everything right on your first try ;) Our first program displays the text paragraphs on Wikipedia’s main page: for paragraph in soup.find\_all('p'): # extract and print the text paragraphs on the page The code uses the urllib and BeautifulSoup libraries to open the desired URL and stores the retrieved HTML data inside the html object. Actually, html is of type ‘bytes’, and if we printed it we would get the full html content of the page. We use BeautifulSoup to parse the html and we end up with clean, nicely formatted text that can be printed out, one paragraph at a time. Python runs quite fast, though, so we’ll see all the text being displayed at once, just like in the image below. On a side note, you’re probably going to get a different text when you run the code because Wikipedia changes at least some of the content on this page each day. The second example scrapes the same page, retrieves and then displays a list with all the images on that page. We will use a similar snippet to populate the table that contains the 10 products we’re interested in tracking. for img in soup.find\_all('img'): # find and display all the image URLs As you can see, the code is very similar to the one used in the first example. The difference is made by the last two lines, which go through the html data and grab the ‘src’ data from the lines that have the ‘img’ tag. Here’s what’s displayed when we run this piece of code: So far, we have learned to display the entire content of a page, and a list with the elements of some type on a certain page. It’s time to move on to more complex stuff and read some data that’s specific to a particular element. Don’t worry, Beautiful Soup continues to keep everything simple for us: This time we use the web scraping library to find the desired ‘div’ element and display its content. To do that, we have to view the HTML source for the page we’re interested in. Fortunately, it’s easy to do so by right-clicking it in a browser, and then choosing “View Source” from the menu. Alternatively, you can copy/paste the URL below in the browser: [view-source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main\_Page](view-source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) When the HTML source is loaded, press Ctrl + F and then type in ‘div’ to find all the div elements on the page: As you can see, I chose "mp-other-content", which displays the “Other areas of Wikipedia” section: You can choose any other div, of course, and we encourage you to test the code using various elements. It was a long tutorial, but we have learned quite a bit, haven’t we? Next time we will go even deeper, scraping product names, pricing information, and more. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial7 ### Title: Tutorial7 ### Page ID: 6281641 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Hi everyone! Welcome to the first tutorial in the "Data Analysis and Visualization" course. So far, we have learned to store data in text files and retrieve it later. Now, it’s time to move on to the next level and implement what the real pros use in their scientific applications: databases. Databases are ideal for scientific programming; they can shuffle around millions of records without putting a strain on regular computers. We still want to move things fast in the computer memory using tuples and dictionaries, but once we’ve taken care of that, we will create and save a database file, and then work with it. This course will also teach you the basics of SQL, the most popular database ‘programming’ language. Let’s get started! The first step is to download and install the DB Browser for SQLite: Start the application and you will see an image similar to the one below: We are going to use this program to create and edit databases for now; later, we will learn how to do all these operations from within our Python applications. However, it is important to understand how things work in real life, rather than imagine them while we are writing code. Click ‘File’, and then ‘New Database’ to create a new database: Pick a name for your database and then choose the desired destination path. A new window will pop up: Close that window; we don’t need to fill in those details for now. This is how the DB Browser window should look like after you close the “Edit table definition” window: As you can see, we don’t have any tables in our database; nevertheless, we can easily create a table using this SQL instruction: Copy the code above to the clipboard, click the ‘Execute SQL’ tab at the top of the DB Browser application, and then paste the code inside ‘SQL 1’: Click the ‘Execute SQL’ button. If you have copied the code correctly, the program will print out an ‘Execution finished without errors’ message. Click the ‘Browse Data’ tab at the top of the window and you will see our newly created ‘Students’ table, which includes the ‘name’ and ‘grade’ fields: We don’t have any student records yet, so let’s change that right away. Click the ‘Insert new record in the current table’ button, as shown in the picture below: Add a student name and their grade. Feel free to add as many students as you like. Save the database and then close the application. Next time we’re going to do the same thing by embedding the SQL instructions inside Python code. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") --- ## URL: https://www.unisci24.com/tutorial8 ### Title: Tutorial8 ### Page ID: 6281643 ### Content: ###### **Business Hours** ###### **Phone Number** ###### **Email Address** Hello again! This time, we will resume our data analysis and visualization training by creating databases through code. While working with DB Browser for SQLite can be fun, it’s not the practical way to do things when we are handling tens of thousands of data records – or more. And since practicability is one of the core values of UniSci 24, here’s one of the most concise and yet fully functional examples of Python code for creating a database and adding data records to it: cur.execute('CREATE TABLE Students (name TEXT, grade     name = input("Input student name or Enter to stop: ") cur.execute('INSERT INTO Students (name, grade) VALUES (?, ?)', (name, grade)) First, we need to import the sqlite3 module; otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to use SQL instructions in our code. Then, we create a connection to the students.sqlite database. If the database doesn’t exist yet, it is created. The next line of code creates a cursor, a connection to our database. It’s time to check if the ‘Students’ database table exists. If it does exist, we will delete it, because we want to create a fresh table anytime we run the application. This way, if we made a mistake in a previous version of the code, we won’t have to suffer its consequences anymore. Let's create the ‘Students’ table. It will have two columns: ‘name’ and ‘grade’, the first one storing strings (text) and the The ‘while’ loop is a bit strange, isn’t it? In programming terms, ‘while 1’ is similar to ‘while 1 = 1’, which is always true. So, our loop would run forever unless we do something to stop it. Fortunately, we thought of that, and you’ll see how we did it soon. The first line of code inside the loop asks the user to input student names, or press the Enter key to stop the process. The next line verifies if the length of the input string is smaller than one. If this is the case, the ‘break’ instruction will make the interpreter exit the loop. It is assumed that we’ve input all the needed student data at this point. The ‘else’ branch runs for as long as we continue to input student names, prompting us to input student grades as well. Then, we insert the name/grade pairs into the ‘Students’ table. The last line of code saves the database to the disk drive. It’s a slow process, so it’s best to use it less often. Scientific programmers who work with millions of data records save the data to the disk every 100 records or so. Basically, you need to figure out how much data you are willing to lose in case something goes wrong and save the records to the disk accordingly. Run the code, and then input as much student data as you want. Here’s an example: The program has ended, so our student database was created. Let’s see how it looks using DB Browser. Open the database and then click the ‘Browse Data’ tab at the top of the screen. If everything went as expected, you will Congratulations! Next time we will write the code for a scientific application that uses much more data, analyzes it, and creates interactive graphs using the Plotly library. - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact") - [Home](/ "Home") - [About](/about "About") - [Services](/services "Services") - [Tutorials](/tutorials "Tutorials") - [Contact](/contact "Contact")